Irregular verbs – Nepravilni glagoli - Tekstualno objašnjenje
Da li ste znali da je čak 70% glagola koje koristimo u engleskom jeziku zapravo nepravilno?
To samo znači da je od izuzetnog značaja da naučimo da koristimo što više nepravilnih glagola. Nepravilnih glagola ima oko 200, i to samo osnovnih, bez dodavanja prefiksa. Nisu oni svi baš toliko različiti, mnogi prate neka pravila i upadaju u određene šablone. Da biste ih lakše naučili, probajte da ih pamtite po ovim grupama koje ćemo vam u nastavku pokazati:
Glagoli sa sve tri jednake kolone
U ovu grupu spadaju glagoli koji se najlakše pamte, pošto su im Infinitiv (Simple Form), Past Simple I Past Participle forme potpuno jednake.No. | Simple form | Simple Past | Past Participle |
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1 | beat | beat | beat |
2 | bet | bet | bet |
3 | bid | bid | bid |
4 | burst | burst | burst |
5 | cast | cast | cast |
6 | cost | cost | cost |
7 | cut | cut | cut |
8 | fit | fit | fit |
9 | forecast | forecast | forecast |
10 | hit | hit | hit |
11 | hurt | hurt | hurt |
12 | let | let | let |
13 | put | put | put |
14 | quit | quit | quit |
15 | read | read | read |
16 | rid | rid | rid |
17 | set | set | set |
18 | shed | shed | shed |
19 | spread | spread | spread |
20 | shut | shut | shut |
21 | slit | slit | slit |
22 | spit | spit | spit |
23 | split | split | split |
24 | thrust | thrust | thrust |
25 | upset | upset | upset |
Glagoli kojima su druga i treća kolona identične
Ovde spadaju glagoli kojima su Past Simple i Past Participle forme jednake uz varijacije nastavaka. Neki od njih prate pravila grupe u kojoj se nalaze, ali postoje i oni koji se potpuno razlikuju od ostalih:-
Glagoli gde se druga I treća kolona završavaju nastavcima –ought i –aught
No. Simple form Simple Past Past Participle 1 bring brought brought 2 buy bought bought 3 fight fought fought 4 seek sought sought 5 think thought thought 1 catch caught caught 2 teach taught taught -
Glagoli kojima se dugački samoglasnik u izgovoru pretvara u kratki (najčešće e)
- Sa dodatim –t na kraju
No. Simple form Simple Past Past Participle 1 creep crept crept 2 keep kept kept 3 sleep slept slept 4 sweep swept swept 5 weep wept wept - Kada nastavak –l prelazi u –lt
No. Simple form Simple Past Past Participle 1 deal dealt dealt 2 feel felt felt 3 kneel knelt knelt - Bez dodavanja suglasnika
No. Simple form Simple Past Past Participle 1 bleed bled bled 2 breed bred bred 3 feed fed fed 4 flee fled fled 5 lead led led 6 plead pled pled 7 speed sped sped 8 meet met met 9 shoot shot shot
- Sa dodatim –t na kraju
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Glagoli kojima nastavak –d prelazi u –t :
No. Simple form Simple Past Past Participle 1 bend bent bent 2 lend lent lent 3 send sent sent 4 spend spent spent -
Glagoli kod kojih nastavak –ell prelazi u –old
No. Simple form Simple Past Past Participle 1 sell sold sold 2 tell told told -
Glagoli kojima –ay prelazi u –aid
No. Simple form Simple Past Past Participle 1 lay laid laid 2 mislay mislaid mislaid 3 pay paid paid 4 say said said -
Glagoli kojima nastavak –ing prelazi u –ung (sa izuzetkom glagola "hang")
No. Simple form Simple Past Past Participle 1 cling clung clung 2 fling flung flung 3 hang hung hung 4 sling slung slung 5 string strung strung 6 swing swung swung 7 wring wrung wrung -
Nastavak –and prelazi u –ood
No. Simple form Simple Past Past Participle 1 stand stood stood 2 understand understood understood 3 withstand withstood withstood -
Kada se "i" iz reči pretvara u "ou"
No. Simple form Simple Past Past Participle 1 bind bound bound 2 find found found 3 grind ground ground 4 wind wound wound -
Ostali glagoli kojima su druga I treća kolona identične
No. Simple form Simple Past Past Participle 1 build built built 2 dig dug dug 3 hear heard heard 4 hold held held 5 leave left left 6 lose lost lost 7 make made made 8 mean meant meant 9 shine shone shone 10 slide slid slid 11 spin spun spun 12 strike struck struck 13 win won won 14 sit sat sat
Glagoli kojima su osnovna i Past Participle forma jednake
Ovde spadaju samo tri glagola koji u osnovi imaju glagol "come" plus glagol "run", koji možemo naći u naredno spomenutoj grupi.No. | Simple form | Simple Past | Past Participle |
---|---|---|---|
1 | become | became | become |
2 | come | came | come |
3 | overcome | overcame | overcome |
Glagoli kod kojih su sve tri kolone različite
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Iz prve kolone "i" prelazi u "a" u drugoj, pa u "u" u trećoj koloni
No. Simple form Simple Past Past Participle 1 begin began begun 2 drink drank drunk 3 ring rang rung 4 run ran run 5 shrink shrank shrunk 6 sing sang sung 7 sink sank sunk 8 stink stank stunk 9 swim swam swum -
Glagoli sa nastavkom –ew u drugoj I dodatim –n na osnovni oblik u trećoj koloni
No. Simple form Simple Past Past Participle 1 blow blew blown 2 draw drew drawn 3 fly flew flown 4 grow grew grown 5 know knew known 6 throw threw thrown 7 withdraw withdrew withdrawn
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Glagoli sa promenom iz "ea" u "o" u reči i dodatim -n u trećoj koloni
No. Simple form Simple Past Past Participle 1 bear bore born 2 swear swore sworn 3 tear tore torn 4 wear wore worn
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Svi glagoli sa dodatim –en/–n u trećoj koloni
No. Simple form Simple Past Past Participle 1 break broke broken 2 speak spoke spoken 3 wake woke woken 4 forsake forsook forsaken 5 mistake mistook mistaken 6 overtake overtook overtaken 7 shake shook shaken 8 take took taken 9 undertake undertook undertaken 10 drive drove driven 11 forgive forgave forgiven 12 give gave given 13 strive strove striven 14 weave wove woven 15 hide hid hidden 16 forbid forbade forbidden 17 ride rode ridden 18 tread trod trodden 19 bite bit bitten 20 forget forgot forgotten 21 get got gotten 22 write wrote written 23 arise arose arisen 24 choose chose chosen 25 rise rose risen 26 freeze froze frozen 27 steal stole stolen 28 eat ate eaten 29 fall fell fallen -
Ostali glagoli sa sve tri kolone različite
No. Simple form Simple Past Past Participle 1 lie lay lain 2 see saw seen
Nepravilni glagoli koji se najčešće koriste u engleskom jeziku
Na samom kraju, pogledaćemo listu glagola koji se nazivaju i pravi nepravilni glagoli, pošto ne prate ni jedno pravilo građenja, odnosno u potpunosti su nepravilni:No. | Simple form | Simple Past | Past Participle |
---|---|---|---|
1 | be | was, were | been |
2 | do | did | done |
3 | go | went | gone |
4 | have | had | had |