Relative Clauses – odnosne -ed -ing rečenice

Klauzule su važan deo rečenica. Pogledajte primer:

• The man injured in the accident was taken to hospital.

-ed klauzule imaju pasivno značenje:

• The man injured in the accident was taken to hospital.
  (the man was injured in the accident)
• Ben showed me a few pictures painted by his mother.
  (pictures were painted by his mother)
• The gun used in the robbery has not been found.
  (the gun was used in the robbery)

Klauzule sa -ing nastavkom kada želimo da istaknemo šta neko ili nešto radi, ili je radio u određeno vreme.

• Who is the boy talking to Ann? (the boy is talking to Ann)
• Who were those people waiting for you? (they were waiting for you)
• They were woken up by a bell ringing. (a bell was ringing)

Takođe, ove klauyule možemo koristiti da kažemo šta se dešava sve vreme (stalno je):

• The bridge connecting the two villages is very narrow. (the bridge connects the two villages)
• He has a small room overlooking the garden. (the room overlooks the garden)
• Can you think of the name of an animal beginning with E? (the name begins with E)

There is/there was  možemo koristiti sa obe vrste klauzula:

• There were some kids swimming in the lake.
• Is there anybody waiting for her?
• There was a black car parked outside our house.

Glagoli kao što su injured, painted, and used, su prošli participi. Mnogi od njih su pravilni glagoli, koji završavaju na -ed, ali postoje i oni koji su nepravilni (built/stolen/made…), te se oslanjamo na listu nepravilnih glagola:

• The police have not found the money stolen in the robbery.
• Most of the products made in the factory are exported.

Left se koristi u značenju not used, still there:

• They’ve eaten nearly all the apples. There are only a few left.