Tekstualno objašnjenje za Past Perfect
Potvrdni oblik
Past Perfect gradi se tako što posle subjekta dodajemo pomoćni glagol have u prošlom vremenu, odnosno had, a zatim prošlo vreme glagola koje se gradi na dva načina, u zavisnosti od toga da li je glagol pravilan ili ne. Ukoliko je glagol pravilan, na njega samo dodajemo nastavak -ed. Ako je nepravilan, oslanjamo se na III kolonu liste nepravilnih glagola.
subjekat + had + glagol -ed/III kolona
Pogledajmo tabelu i primere:
SUBJECT | AUXILIARY VERB | VERB-ED |
---|---|---|
I | had | changed |
You | had | changed |
He / She / It | had | changed |
We | had | changed |
You | had | changed |
They | had | changed |
SUBJECT | AUXILIARY VERB | VERB – PAST PARTICIPLE |
---|---|---|
I | had | gone |
You | had | gone |
He / She / It | had | gone |
We | had | gone |
You | had | gone |
They | had | gone |
Skraćeni oblici: u vremenu Past Perfect had se može napisati skraćeno pripajanjem subjektu, tako što se uklone prva dva slova, doda se apostrof umesto njih, a zatim se ostatak doda subjektu, kao što se vidi u primeru:
- You had changed. You’d changed.
Odrični oblik
Odrične rečenice gradimo prateći sledeću formu građenja:
subjekat + had + not (hadn’t) + glagol -ed/III kolona
U tabeli vidimo primenu forme za sva lica:
SUBJECT | HAD | NOT | VERB-ED / PAST PARTICIPLE |
---|---|---|---|
I | had | not | changed |
You | had | not | changed |
He/She/It | had | not | changed |
We | had | not | changed |
You | had | not | changed |
They | had | not | changed |
Upitni oblik
Upitni oblik rečenice gradimo tako što primenjujemo obrazac naveden u nastavku:
Had + subjekat + glagol -ed/III kolona …?
Hajde da pogledamo tabelu i primere primene pravila za sva lica:
HAD | SUBJECT | VERB-ED |
---|---|---|
Had | I | finished? |
Had | you | finished? |
Had | he / she / it | finished? |
Had | we | finished? |
Had | you | finished? |
Had | they | finished? |
Upotreba
Past Perfect je davno prošlo vreme, u srpskom jeziku poznato kao pluskvamperfekat, a najčešće se koristi u sledećim slučajevima:
- kada se neka radnja desila pre neke druge radnje u prošlosti: iz tog razloga se Past Perfect koristi u kombinaciji sa vremenom Past Simple, pri čemu Past Perfect predstavlja vreme koje se završilo pre druge radnje, a Past Simple predstavlja radnju koja je počela posle toga.
Tom had seen the present before I opened the box. - kada je neka radnja trajala pre druge radnje u prošlosti: sve je isto kao i u prethodnom slučaju, samo je u pitanju radnja koja se nije desila, već je trajala.
My grandma had had her car for 10 years before it broke down.
Past Perfect vežbe
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